2009 is used as a baseline year to compare change in gross annual supply. Fifteen Basin-Boundary municipalities are included in the analysis. Data and contextual information for this indicator were provided by the Columbia Basin Water Smart Initiative and the City of Grand Forks. Consumptive water use is an important issue in the Basin-Boundary region for several reasons. First, rates of water use in this region are typically higher than the averages for BC and Canada (Environment Canada, 2011). Second, the diversion, treatment, and delivery of drinking water has costs—both financial (e.g., infrastructure operations, maintenance, and expansion costs) and environmental (e.g., drawdown of water sources). These costs increase with growing water demand. Third, certain areas of the region sometimes experience water shortages during periods of peak demand. This issue may become more widespread if projected climate changes materialize and Basin-Boundary communities are not prepared to adapt